The Maths of Castles and Fortifications: Symmetry in attack and defence Chris Budd Uncomfortable fact ….. A major feature of most civilisations has been the need to protect itself from, or impress, other civilisations In the UK this has led to the building of many castles and forts Maths can help in both making castles easier to defend and also in making them look good! Hill Forts Early British Forts were built on hills Questions: What is the best shape?