Annexation and Slavery Andrew J. Torget University of North

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Annexation and Slavery Andrew J. Torget University of North Texas [email protected]

Why did slavery prove to be such a consistent and powerful shaper of Texas from the Republic era, through annexation, and into the 1850s?

TEKS Readiness Standard 7.4(B): analyze the causes of and events leading to Texas annexation such as security and debt.

TEKS Readiness Standard 7.4(B): analyze the causes of and events leading to Texas annexation such as security and debt.

TEKS Readiness Standard 7.4(A): identify individuals, events, and issues during the administrations of Republic of Texas Presidents Houston and Lamar . . .

“We are indeed in a most uncertain and precarious condition – without strength and, worse than all, without confidence in ourselves . . . We are in collapse – perfectly prostrate and powerless.” --Washington Miller, personal secretary to Sam Houston, 1842

Stephen Pearl Andrews

Vote on the Annexation of Texas -- June 8, 1844 35 against – 16 in favor!

FINAL VOTES ON TEXAS ANNEXATION IN U.S. CONGRESS:

FINAL VOTES ON TEXAS ANNEXATION IN U.S. CONGRESS: January 1845 -- House of Representatives: 120 in favor, 98 against

FINAL VOTES ON TEXAS ANNEXATION IN U.S. CONGRESS: January 1845 -- House of Representatives: 120 in favor, 98 against February 1845 – Senate: 27 in favor, 25 against

TERMS OF THE U.S. OFFER TO TEXAS FOR ANNEXATION: 1. Texas would enter the United States as a state, not a territory. 2. Texas would keep (and be responsible for) its public debt. 3. Texas would, however, retain its public lands. 4. Texas would turn over to the U.S. all its public buildings, forts, etc. 5. The United States promised to resolve the boundary dispute between Texas and Mexico, enforcing the Rio Grande as the border.

Polk signed the Texas Admission Act on December 29, 1845

TEKS Supporting Standard 7.1(B): explain the significance of the following dates: . . . 1845, annexation.

TEKS Supporting Standard 7.10(B): describe how immigration and migration to Texas have influenced Texas.

TEKS Readiness Standard 7.4(B): analyze the causes of and events leading to Texas annexation such as security and debt.

TEKS Readiness Standard 7.4(B): analyze the causes of and events leading to Texas annexation such as security and debt. Why did slavery prove to be such a consistent and powerful shaper of Texas from the Republic era, through annexation, and into the 1850s?

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