The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology STRUCTURALISM Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, “Father of Psychology.” (Name of structuralism was given by his student Edward Titchener.)

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology STRUCTURALISM Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, “Father of Psychology.” (Name of structuralism was given by his student Edward Titchener.) Wundt started the first Psychological laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, Germany.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology STRUCTURALISM Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, “Father of Psychology.” (Name of structuralism was given by his student Edward Titchener.) Wundt started the first Psychological laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Focus: the elements that make up conscious experiences.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology STRUCTURALISM Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, “Father of Psychology.” (Name of structuralism was given by his student Edward Titchener.) Wundt started the first Psychological laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Focus: the elements that make up conscious experiences. Method: introspection looking inward and reporting experiences. For example

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology Analyzing the Taste of a Raisin Through Introspection On the rating scales, circle the number that represents how strong your experience is of each element of taste (1 lowest, 10 highest). SWEETNESS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SALTINESS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SOURNESS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 BITTERNESS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Problem: Different observers gave different reports and the differences could not be explained.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology STRUCTURALISM Founded by Wilhelm Wundt, “Father of Psychology.” (Name of structuralism was given by his student Edward Titchener.) Wundt started the first Psychological laboratory in 1879 at the University of Leipzig, Germany. Focus: the elements that make up conscious experiences. Method: introspection looking inward and reporting experiences. Structuralism gave rise to 2 more schools of thought in psychology that studied mental processes: Functionalism Gestalt Psychology

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology Functionalism Advocated by William James, the first American psychologist.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology Functionalism Advocated by William James, the first American psychologist. Focus: how mental processes help humans and nonhuman species adapt to their environments and survive.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology Functionalism Advocated by William James, the first American psychologist. Focus: how mental processes help humans and nonhuman species adapt to their environments and survive. Emphasized “stream of consciousness.” It continuously changes and doesn’t have a fixed structure.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY Phi Phenomenon Discovered by Max Wertheimer in 1912. Said consciousness cannot be reduced to its elements. What counts is how the elements are related, like notes in a melody.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY Phi Phenomenon Said consciousness cannot be reduced to its elements. What counts is how the elements are related, like notes in a melody. Motto: “the whole is more than the sum of its parts.” Discovered by Max Wertheimer in 1912. Phi phenomenon: illusion of movement based on stationary images. Technically, this is the original Phi Phenomenon (the others are called “beta movement”).

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY Phi Phenomenon Said consciousness cannot be reduced to its elements. What counts is how the elements are related, like notes in a melody. Motto: “the whole is more than the sum of its parts.” Discovered by Max Wertheimer in 1912. Phi phenomenon: illusion of movement based on stationary images. 1 blinking light 1 blinking 1 light moving back and forth.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Today, mental processes are the focus of cognitive psychology.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Today, mental processes are the focus of cognitive psychology. It rejects strict behaviorism but (unlike structuralism) it uses behavior in experiments to make inferences about what is going on in the mind.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Today, mental processes are the focus of cognitive psychology. It rejects strict behaviorism but (unlike structuralism) it uses behavior in experiments to make inferences about what is going on in the mind. Like Gestalt Psychology, it emphasizes how the mind relates and organizes aspects of the environment.

The Study of the Mind in the History of Psychology COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Today, mental processes are the focus of cognitive psychology. It rejects strict behaviorism but (unlike structuralism) it uses behavior in experiments to make inferences about what is going on in the mind. Like Gestalt Psychology, it emphasizes how the mind relates and organizes aspects of the environment. Information processing: uses computers as a model of how we think.